{"id":2797,"date":"2018-05-08T14:02:37","date_gmt":"2018-05-08T19:02:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pugix.com\/synth\/?p=2797"},"modified":"2018-05-08T14:04:35","modified_gmt":"2018-05-08T19:04:35","slug":"stages-investigations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pugix.com\/synth\/stages-investigations\/","title":{"rendered":"Stages Investigations"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Stages segment generator<\/a> is called the Modulation Construction Set.\u00a0 It is a brilliant design in the true spirit of modular synthesis.\u00a0 There is no preconception of how it should be used.\u00a0 Rather, it provides ways to assemble control voltages of several kinds, including familiar envelopes, LFOs, sequencers, and switches.\u00a0 It works by providing three different types of segment, ramp<\/strong>, step<\/strong>, and hold<\/strong>, and a way to group a series of segments that execute one after the other, based on simple rules.\u00a0 Segments can be single, or can be grouped into a series.\u00a0 A group is defined by the position of a patch cord into a Gate input.\u00a0 All stages to the right of one with a patch cord inserted into Gate that do not have a Gate patched are in the group.\u00a0 There can be groups of one to six segments.\u00a0 (Multiple modules can be chained for even longer groups.)<\/p>\n

A Stage<\/h3>\n

The panel for each stage consists of a Gate input, a CV input, a slider, a button, a mode LED, a small pot, an output and a bipolar output LED.\u00a0 The voltage of the slider and CV input are added together.\u00a0 The button selects the segment type, as well as cycling.\u00a0 The function of the slider\/CV and the pot depend on the segment type.<\/p>\n

A stage defines a period of time and the manner in which the output voltage will move over that period of time.\u00a0 A stage can be thought of as the way it can move and what ends it.<\/p>\n

The Segment Types<\/h3>\n

I’ve tried to make these definitions more precise than in the manual, which is worded along the lines of generating envelopes.\u00a0 Envelopes are only a part of what Stages can do!<\/p>\n

Ramp segment<\/h4>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

The output smoothly ramps from one voltage to another<\/strong>, and then the next segment is activated. The ramping time is controlled by the slider and the CV input. The shape of the curve is controlled by the pot.\u00a0 Key idea:\u00a0 The ramp segment ends when the ramp reaches the<\/strong> next<\/strong> voltage<\/strong>, which depends on next segment, and thus is dependent on both the ramp speed and the next segment.<\/p>\n

Step segment<\/h4>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

The output follows a target voltage until a trigger is received<\/strong>, and then the next segment is activated.\u00a0 The target voltage is controlled by the slider and the CV input. The slew rate is set by the pot.\u00a0 The shape of the curve is decelerating.<\/p>\n

Hold segment<\/h4>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

The output rapidly<\/strong><\/em> follows a target voltage for an adjustable duration<\/strong>, and then the next segment is activated. The target voltage is controlled by the slider and the CV input. The duration of the segment is set by the pot.<\/p>\n

There are two differences between a Step and a Hold segment.\u00a0 Step can slew; Hold cannot.\u00a0 Step ends on receipt of a trigger; Hold ends after a specified length of time.\u00a0 Other than that, they are both voltage followers.\u00a0 Step means ‘step to next segment on a trigger.’\u00a0 Hold means ‘hold this segment until a timeout.’\u00a0 The target voltage can be moving<\/strong>, such as an LFO.\u00a0 It does not have to be fixed.\u00a0 It can go into negative voltages.\u00a0 Step does not have to mean steps in the output voltage and hold does not have to mean holding a fixed voltage.<\/p>\n

Grouping\/Triggering\/Cycling<\/h4>\n

A group can be comprised of any number of segments of any type.\u00a0 This means that there are logically 729<\/span><\/strong> different types of sequences six segments long.\u00a0 (((((3 * 3) * 3) * 3) * 3) * 3)\u00a0 Each segment can be cycling by itself, or any subgroup of contiguous segments can be cycling.\u00a0 (Some combinations don’t make logical sense, and Stages prevents these.)\u00a0 That is just the 6-segment sequences!\u00a0 So it’s easy to see why the manual defines the behavior of single segments and then gives some common examples.<\/span><\/p>\n

If not cycling, a group is kicked off by detection of a positive transition on the Gate input that crosses the 1 volt boundary.\u00a0 This is called a trigger.<\/strong>\u00a0 Pulses are typically used.\u00a0 Once started, a group runs to completion, subject to the rules.\u00a0 However, the length of time the gate stays high, as well as the occurrence of subsequent triggers before the sequence finishes, impact the result.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

The Investigation<\/h3>\n

To get a handle on the possibilities I set myself the task to look at all of the two-segment groups, nine in all.\u00a0 And for each of these, look at the behavior without cycling, with the first segment cycling, the second cycling, and the group cycling.\u00a0 The main output of a group comes from the first segment output jack.\u00a0 I observed the second segment output, too, but haven’t mentioned it very much.<\/p>\n

Ramp-Ramp<\/em><\/h2>\n

Not cycling<\/h4>\n

AD generator with CV up and down times and separately adjustable up and down slopes.\u00a0 Decay begins when output reaches 8 volts.\u00a0 A new trigger received at any point before the end of decay restarts the attack from point the voltage is at.\u00a0 Gate held high is ignored.<\/p>\n

Segment 1 cycling<\/h4>\n

The attack repeats from 0 volts while gate is high<\/strong>, then decay begins.\u00a0 Decay starts down from whatever level the output is at when the gate falls.<\/p>\n

Segment 2 cycling<\/h4>\n

Attack is the same as without cycling.\u00a0 Decay begins when output reaches 8 volts.\u00a0 But if decay completes before receipt of another trigger, the decay segment cycles with fast attacks<\/strong>.\u00a0 On receipt of the next trigger, the attack phase starts again from the point the voltage is at.<\/p>\n

Group cycling<\/h4>\n

Cycles 0 to 8 volts, through attack and decay, while gate is held low<\/strong>.\u00a0 A trigger received at any point restarts the attack<\/strong> from the point the voltage is at.<\/p>\n

Ramp-Step<\/em><\/h2>\n

Ramp-Step needs a moving CV input, such as an LFO, on the Step segment to be useful.<\/p>\n

Not cycling<\/h4>\n

The output follows the CV on the step segment (with manual slew).\u00a0 When triggered, the output imparts an inverted envelope<\/strong>, like a VCA, using the time and shape settings of the ramp segment.<\/p>\n

Segment 1 cycling<\/h4>\n

Every other trigger switches<\/strong> between the slewed CV and the slewed CV enveloped inversely by the ramp.\u00a0 The second segment output is the gate divided by two.<\/p>\n

Segment 2 cycling<\/h4>\n

Acts like a single step segment<\/strong>, i.e. a slewed sample & hold, but taken from the group out.<\/p>\n

Group cycling<\/h4>\n

Similar to Segment 1 cycling here, except that starts the enveloped CV on every trigger<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Ramp-Hold<\/em><\/h2>\n

Ramp-Hold seems to work almost identically to Ramp-Step, except that the segment 2 output behaves differently.<\/p>\n

Step-Ramp<\/em><\/h2>\n

Not cycling<\/h4>\n

A very useful Attack-Sustain-Release envelope in two phases<\/strong>, with a CV-able sustain level.\u00a0 The first trigger initiates the step segment, which slews to the target voltage at the rate set by the pot.\u00a0 Output sustains at the target level until the next trigger starts the release, with variable shape and CV time.\u00a0 Patching an LFO to either CV input produces interesting results.\u00a0 Another trigger before target voltage reached caused a rapid spike to 8 volts to begin the release.\u00a0 Another trigger during release starts the Step segment over from the point the voltage is at.<\/p>\n

Segment 1 cycling<\/h4>\n

Like a single step segment<\/strong>, i.e. sample & hold.<\/p>\n

Segment 2 cycling<\/h4>\n

Similar to not cycling, except that if release finishes before the next trigger, the release cycles with fast attacks<\/strong> until a trigger is received.<\/p>\n

Group cycling<\/h4>\n

Follows step target voltage until the next trigger starts the release<\/strong>.\u00a0 At end of release the step segment begins again.<\/p>\n

Step-Step<\/em><\/h2>\n

Not cycling<\/h4>\n

A two step sequence with manual slewing, or a CV switch.\u00a0 On receipt of a trigger moves to\/follows next segment target voltage.\u00a0 Easily generalizes to more than two segments.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Segment 1 cycling<\/h4>\n

Like a single Step segment<\/strong>, i.e. sample & hold.<\/p>\n

Segment 2 cycling<\/h4>\n

Like a single Step segment,<\/strong> i.e. sample & hold, except that the CV sampled from segment 2 comes out of segment 1.<\/p>\n

Group cycling<\/h4>\n

Exactly the same as no cycling.<\/p>\n

Step-Hold<\/em><\/h2>\n

Not cycling<\/h4>\n

Similar to Step-Step, except that the second segment has no slewing.\u00a0 The next trigger ends the segment.\u00a0 The hold time pot has no effect.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Segment 1 cycling<\/h4>\n

Like a single Step segment<\/strong>, i.e. sample & hold.<\/p>\n

Segment 2 cycling<\/h4>\n

Same as not cycling.<\/p>\n

Group cycling<\/h4>\n

A two step sequence or switch, but in this case the Hold segment respects the value of the time pot<\/strong>.\u00a0 If a trigger is received before the time set by the pot elapses, the Hold segment restarts and never ends.<\/p>\n

Hold-Ramp<\/em><\/h2>\n

Not cycling<\/h4>\n

A Sustain-Release envelope<\/strong> that starts when triggered.\u00a0 The output follows<\/strong> the hold value for the length of time set by the pot and then the release starts down from the point the voltage is at.\u00a0 If a trigger arrives before the hold time is elapsed, the hold time is reset, preventing movement to the release.\u00a0 A trigger arriving during release starts the hold stage over, i.e. the output does not reach zero volts.<\/p>\n

Segment 1 cycling<\/h4>\n

On a gate, first segment follows the hold value, but for as long as the gate is high, not respecting the time pot<\/strong>.\u00a0 The falling gate triggers the release, which starts from the point the voltage is at.\u00a0 If the release has not fallen to zero at the start of the next gate, the hold segment still starts.<\/p>\n

Segment 2 cycling<\/h4>\n

Same as not cycling, except the release cycles with fast attacks until the arrival of the next gate.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Group cycling<\/h4>\n

With gate held steady (high or low), cycles between hold segment and release segments<\/strong>.\u00a0 Triggers arriving faster than the cycle time cause the cycle to start over, resulting in the output not falling to zero before starting over.<\/p>\n

Hold-Step<\/em><\/h2>\n

Not cycling<\/h4>\n

On a trigger, the output follows the hold value for the length of time set by the pot<\/strong> and then the step stage starts from the point the voltage is at and follows the step voltage until a trigger is received<\/strong>.\u00a0 If a trigger arrives before the hold time is elapsed, the hold time is reset, preventing movement to the step stage.<\/p>\n

Segment 1 cycling<\/h4>\n

On a gate, first segment follows the hold value, but for as long as the gate is high, not respecting the time pot<\/strong>.\u00a0 The falling gate triggers the step stage, which starts from the point the voltage is at.\u00a0 The hold segment starts again on receipt of the next trigger.<\/p>\n

Segment 2 cycling<\/h4>\n

Like a single Step segment,<\/strong> i.e. sample & hold, except that the CV sampled from segment 2 comes out of segment 1.\u00a0 The hold stage is never engaged.<\/p>\n

Group cycling<\/h4>\n

A two-step sequence\/switch<\/strong> in which the duration of the first segment is set by the hold time pot and the second segment slews and is ended by the next trigger, starting the cycle over.\u00a0 If a trigger arrives before the hold time is elapsed, the hold time is reset, preventing movement to the step stage.<\/p>\n

Hold-Hold<\/em><\/h2>\n

Not cycling<\/h4>\n

On a gate, the output follows the first segment voltage for the length of time set by the pot<\/strong> and then the second hold stage starts from the point the voltage is at and follows that segment voltage until a trigger is received<\/strong>.\u00a0 The second hold stage time pot is ignored.<\/em>\u00a0 If a trigger arrives before the first hold time is elapsed, the hold time is reset, preventing movement to the second stage.<\/p>\n

Segment 1 cycling<\/h4>\n

A two-step sequence\/switch without slewing, controlled by the width of the gate.<\/strong>\u00a0 On a gate, first segment follows the hold value for as long as the gate is high, not respecting the time pot<\/strong>. When the gate falls, the second segment voltage is followed until the gate rises again, starting the cycle over.\u00a0 Neither time pot has any effect.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Segment 2 cycling<\/h4>\n

Same as not cycling, except that the second stage output is different.<\/p>\n

Group cycling<\/h4>\n

A two-step sequence\/switch without slewing, controlled by time pots.<\/strong>\u00a0 With gate held steady (high or low), the first segment follows the stage voltage for the time set by the pot, then the second segment follows its stage voltage for the time set by its pot.\u00a0 A trigger resets to the start of the first stage.<\/p>\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n

I’ve gained a detailed understanding through this investigation of how two-segment groups work.\u00a0 This will surely generalize to longer groups.\u00a0 I will look to the Step and Hold segments more generally for use as sequential switches, which is how I see the real power of Stages.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Stages segment generator is called the Modulation Construction Set.\u00a0 It is a brilliant design in the true spirit of modular synthesis.\u00a0 There is no preconception of how it should be … Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2798,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[161],"tags":[35,25],"class_list":["post-2797","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-eurorack","tag-envelope-generator","tag-lfo"],"yoast_head":"\nStages Investigations - Richard Brewster's Electronic Sounds<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pugix.com\/synth\/stages-investigations\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Stages Investigations - Richard Brewster's Electronic Sounds\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Stages segment generator is called the Modulation Construction Set.\u00a0 It is a brilliant design in the true spirit of modular synthesis.\u00a0 There is no preconception of how it should be ... 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